The Akt signaling pathway is responsible for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metabolism. In tumor cells, this pathway is up-regulated and aids in promoting cancer cell survival. Complete activation of Akt pathway requires phosphorylation at two amino-acid residues, which are phosporylated by se…

Cyclin D1 represents an important downstream effector of diverse proliferative and transforming signaling pathways. In mammary cells, transcriptional activation of Cyclin D1 leads to G1/S phase progression and increased proliferation. Cyclin D1 overexpression has been implicated in oncogene-induce…

Previous work indicates that vitamin E succinate (VES) induces apoptosis in different types of cancers cells without significant toxicity to normal cells. Despite advances in the pre-clinical translation of VES in cancer therapy, the mechanisms underlying the effect of this redox-inactive vitamin …

In 2020, there will be an estimated 200,000 new cases of blood cancer in the United States. Blood cancer such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and bio…

Cancer cells shift cellular metabolism to aerobic glycolysis to gain growth advantages in microenvironments, which has raised interest in therapies that exploit the response of malignant versus normal cells to glycolytic inhibition. Chronic energy restriction is difficult to implement as a chemo-p…

Substantial evidence indicates that DNA methylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes is a mechanism for the pathogenesis of cancer and many other diseases. Thus, small-molecule agents that target DNA methylation are considered a therapeutically relevant strategy for cancer treatment. T…

The National Cancer Institute estimates that 1.7 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed each year. Substantial evidence indicates that cell adhesion is critical to the development of different aspects of malignant cancer cells, including survival, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Cons…

Hormone-refractory prostate cancer is incurable, and patients with this disease have few treatment options. Dysregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) is a hallmark of this incurable cancer. Molecular changes during cancer enhance AR sensitivity or permit AR activation by antiestrogen so that pro…

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US at approximately 600,000 deaths per year. In addition, the National Cancer Institute estimates that nearly 1.7 million cases of cancer are diagnosed each year. A report from U.S. News …

The third leading cause of cancer death worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the rise in the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection, HCC is expected to increase in the United States. Many patients with HCC are not candidates for surgery because of the location or size of their tum…