Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for controlling drug release inside cancer cells. An obstacle to the effectiveness of this approach to chemotherapeutic drug delivery is the rapid expulsion of the delivered drug catalyzed by efflux pumps in the cell's plasma membrane. …

Multidrug resistance, the ability of cancer cells to develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs, is a major cause of tumor recurrence and cancer metastasis. One of the primary contributors to cancer cells developing this resistance is overexpression of membrane transporter-based efflux pumps in a ce…

Stable and reusable catalysts improve the efficiency of industrial scale material production. However, hexavalent Chromium (VI) and other common catalysts are known to cause various health effects. Furthermore, there are substantial risks associated with greater concentrations of chromium in the w…