Tractor-trailers are essential to the United States (U.S.) economy. The annual value of freight transported in the U.S. in 2013 was $18 trillion. Of the $18 trillion1, $11 trillion (64%) was transported by the trucking industry. Tractor-trailers consumed 109 billion liters (29 billion gallons) of …

Plasmodium falciparum (PF), a form of malaria, is the deadliest and most prevalent parasite in humans due to its pervasiveness in temperate areas of the underdeveloped world. In 2013, there were nearly 198 million cases of malaria and an estimated 584,000 deaths, mostly among African children (BCC…

The directional movement of biological cells in the presence of an applied electric field is known as galvanotaxis or electrotaxis. The majority of experiments related to galvanotaxis over the past two centuries have involved steady electric fields applied via electrodes placed in contact with a m…

Typically, packaged foods that are sterilized using conventional, external hot media need to be heated for long periods of time to ensure that the slowest heating regions within the package achieve sterility. This results in significant nutritional and quality loss in the overheated portions of th…