For a diesel engine to produce a combustion process which results in a desired trade-off between emissions and fuel economy, the fuel injection parameters must account for the state of the air path system. This is typically accomplished by simultaneously determining the desired air path set point …

Automotive powertrains are increasingly more electric, from mild and full hybrid, to plug-in hybrid and battery electric, automotive propulsion is increasingly relying on electricity as a source of power assist, or as the sole source of power, in automotive vehicles. This is true for passenger, co…

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is critical to automobile manufacturing, with 3,000 to 5,000 spot welds per vehicle. As consumers seek vehicles with better fuel economy, automobile manufacturers have replaced parts built from heavy metals, such as advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), with lighter al…

Friction welding is a category of solid-state welding processes that uses frictional heat generation at the weld interface to plasticize the work pieces and produce a metallurgical bond. The welding parameters used in large-scale industrial production are typically determined via trial and error. …

Energy is lost as a heated gas byproduct from internal combustion engines, gas furnaces, and other power generators. The heated exhaust from these power generators has the potential to be exploited for additional energy. However, a method must be developed to extract thermal energy from the exhaus…

Industrial processes, such as cement, steel, pulp and paper, chemicals and natural gas processing, are significant emitters of carbon dioxide, which accounts for nearly 25% of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The current standard for carbon capture membranes are amine-based, which are susc…

The original tapered chamber was developed to reduce stray signals normally associated with a more traditional rectangular chamber. In a tapered chamber, a feed antenna is placed at the throat of a tapered section. This chamber design had several problems: the original concept could not satisfy bo…

Trends in home automation, wearable electronics, and autonomous vehicles have created networked ecosystems, in which computers coexist and play a critical role. In these ecosystems, sensors provide necessary inputs to monitor the environment and take situation-specific action. Currently, sensors a…

Emergence of legislation for proactive emissions standards has coincided with a cultural shift toward environmental conscientiousness and greater demand for environmentally sustainable products, including marine products. Although relative improvements in energy efficiency of propulsion systems ha…

Internal combustion engines are the primary means of propulsion in automobiles, boats, aircraft, motorcycles, and many more vehicles. When an internal combustion engine is utilized to power some vehicle or machinery, lost thermal energy and gases are emitted as exhaust. In current use of combustio…